How to play table tennis@如何學習打乒乓球？

Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is an exciting sport that can be played by two or four players. Even recreational players can relatively quickly become highly skilled; ping pong at the professional level is truly a sight to behold. This article presents the basic rules of ping-pong along with tips for how to win.

乒乓球，也被稱為乒乓球，是一項激動人心的運動，可以由兩到四名運動員進行。即使是娛樂玩家也可以相對快速地變得技藝高超；職業水平的乒乓球真是一道亮麗的風景線。這篇文章介紹了乒乓球的基本規則，以及如何獲勝的技巧。

 1、Play the game  開打

1 .Find someone to play with. 找個玩拌

You probably want to begin by playing someone who is at about your skill level or a little better, and preferably someone who isn't aggressively competitive. This way, you can have fun learning how to play. You can play one-on-one, or you can play with two teams of two, which is known as doubles. And you want someone who has regulation ping pong balls, paddles, and a table if you don't have access to any!

你可以找一個與你的技術水平差不多或更好的人開始，最好是一個沒有激烈競爭的人。通過這種方式，你可以在學習如何玩耍時獲得樂趣。你可以一對一比賽，也可以進行雙打比賽。另外，你還得有乒乓球、球拍和球桌！

1. If your hand-eye coordination is more on par with a three-legged, blind dog, you might want to start practicing against a wall and getting familiar with how the ball and paddle work together. It's best on a table against the wall, for the record.

   • You want to play or practice with celluloid or plastic balls that are orange or white and 40 mm in size. The table should be 2.74 meters (9.0 ft) long, 1.525 meters (5.0 ft) wide, and 0.76 meters (2.5 ft) high. Ping pong paddles don't have a regulation size, actually. Small paddles are hard to use successfully and bigger paddles weigh too much and are cumbersome. But they must be made of wood and rubber and competition paddles must have two colors (red and black).

   • 如果你的手眼協調能力與三條腿的盲狗不相上下，你可能想開始靠墻練習，熟悉球和拍是如何協同工作的。最好是在靠墻的桌子上進行聯系

     你想用橙色或白色、40毫米大小的賽璐珞或塑料球打球或練習。桌子應長2.74米（9.0英尺），寬1.525米（5.0英尺），高0.76米（2.5英尺）。事實上，乒乓球拍并沒有規定的尺寸，小尺寸的球拍使用起來有一定難度，而大尺寸球拍重量太重且笨重。但它們必須由木材和橡膠制成，比賽球拍必須有兩種顏色（紅色和黑色）。

2. Know how to grip the paddle. 學習如何握牌

   

3. There are two commonly-used styles of gripping the paddle: the pen grip (penhold) and the shakehand grip. Regardless of how you grip the paddle, it's important to hold it loosely to allow your wrist to move freely. A good test to see if you are holding the paddle loosely is to ask a friend to pull the paddle out of your hands whilst holding it. If your fist is clenched around the handle, most of your force for returns will come from your arm, not your wrist, and you won't be as accurate. Neither grip is rocket science:

   • With the pen grip, you essentially hold your paddle just as you would hold a pen. With the shakehand grip, you place your hand on the paddle's handle as though you are shaking hands with it, and then wrap your fingers loosely around it. The main thing here is to do what feels most natural for you.
   • 握球拍有兩種常用的方式：直握拍和橫握拍，無論你如何握持球拍，重要的是要放松握持，讓手腕自由移動。一個很好的測試是讓朋友在握球拍的時候把球拍從你手中拔出來，看看你是否握得很松。如果你的拳頭緊握在手柄周圍，你的大部分回力將來自你的手臂，而不是手腕，你就不會那么準確了。直拍握法基本上就像拿筆一樣握著球拍，而使用橫拍，你可以把手放在球拍的手柄上，就好像在和它握手一樣，然后用手指松散地纏繞它。這里對你來說最重要的是感到握法自然。
4. Decide who serves first. 決定誰先發球？

   

   3 Decide who serves first. According to the official International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) rules, the right to choose whether to serve first is determined "by lot" (i.e. flipping a coin or drawing straws, etc.), with the winner choosing either whether to serve first or which side he or she wants. If the winner chooses whether to serve or to receive, the opposing player or team gets to choose which side of the table they will play on, and vice versa.

5. 根據國際乒乓球聯合會（ITTF）的官方規則，選擇是否先發的權利是“抽簽決定的”（即擲硬幣或抽吸管等），獲勝者可以選擇先發球還是選邊？如果獲勝者選擇發球或選邊，那么對方球員就可以可以選擇選邊或先發球，反之亦然。

6. In most recreational ping-pong games, however, the first person to serve is determined by a player standing behind the table and putting the ball in their left or right hand. Then, they ask the opponent to guess which hand the ball is in and if they are correct, then they get to serve first and vice versa.

7. 

   每兩個球換發！

   Serve the ball. From behind the endline, the ball should be tossed out of your free hand vertically a minimum of 16 cm (6 in), and then hit with the paddle so that it first hits your side of the table once and then goes over the net and hits your opponent's side.
8. 發球：從端線后面，球應該從你的自由手垂直拋出至少16厘米（6英寸），然后用球拍擊球，這樣它首先擊中你的臺面一側一次，然后越過網，擊中對手的一側。
   • If you're playing singles, the server can serve to any point on the opponent's side of the table, and the opponent should then return it. If playing doubles, the serve is rotated between you and your partner, starting with the person on the right, and the ball must bounce first in the right half of your side of the table and then must be delivered cross-court to your opponent's side.

   • 如果你打單打，發球者可以發球到對手一側的任何一點，然后對手應該回球。如果打雙打，發球在你和你的搭檔之間輪換，從右邊的人開始，球必須首先在你一側的右半部分反彈，然后必須穿過球網傳給對手一側。

   • The serve switches sides every two points. After two points have been awarded, your opponent -- or in doubles, the person on the opposing team who is cross-court from the server -- then gets to serve. After two more points are awarded, the original server (or in doubles, his partner) then serves.

   • 發球每兩分換一次。在獲得兩球之后，你的對手——或者在雙打比賽中，對方隊中從發球者穿過球網的人——就可以發球了。再打兩球后，原發球者（或雙打時，他的搭檔）發球。

   • If the ball hits the net on an otherwise a legal serve, the serve is a "let," and the serve is repeated with no points scored. While many recreational players award the point to the player opposite of the server after 2 consecutive lets, there is no limit to the number of lets that can be served in table tennis; points are never scored off of lets.
   • While many recreational players play such that on game point the person that is losing is to be the server, in actuality service continues to alternate every two serves as usual until the game ends or a deuce score of 10-10 is reached; at game point or match point, it is in fact possible to lose on your opponent's serve or due to a service error resulting in a fault on your serve.

   • 如果球在其他合法的發球中觸網，那么發球就是“擦球”，需要重復發球，沒有得分。雖然許多娛樂選手在連續兩次擦網發球后，將分數授予發球者對面的選手，但乒乓球的發球次數沒有限制；得分永遠不會被罰下。雖然許多娛樂玩家打球時，在局點上輸的人是發球方，但實際上，繼續像往常一樣每隔兩次發球交替一次，直到雙方得分達到10-10；事實上，在比局點或賽點，你有可能在對手的發球局中失利，或者由于發球失誤而導致你輸掉比賽。

9. 

   5

   Return the ball. After a serve or return, the ball may be returned over or around the net to any point on the opponent's side of the table. The ball must be returned after it bounces once on your side, but before it bounces twice or hits the floor or any object off the table.^[5]
   • If the ball hits the net on a return, but proceeds to go over the net and hit your opponent's side, the ball is still in play, and your opponent must return it.

10. 

    6

    Score points. A point is awarded for each rally that is not a let, and either opponent can score a point regardless of who served. Here's the gist of it:^[6]
    • If your serve goes into the net, goes off the table without hitting the opponent's side, or (in doubles) hits the wrong half of the opponent's side, the receiving opponent or team scores a point.
    • If you do not make a legal return (as described above -- the ball goes into the net or doesn't hit your opponent's side of the table) a point is awarded to your opponent.
    • If you receive a legal serve or return and hit the ball more than once with your paddle or touch the ball with your body, a point is awarded to your opponent. Note that if your opponent's serve or return doesn't hit your side of the table, you still get the point even if the ball hits you or you catch it after it passes the end of the table.
    • If you touch the table with your free hand or move the table, your opponent scores a point.

11. 

    7

    Win the game. Many people like to play to 21 or 15 (alternating server every 5 points), which is fine for recreational play. The official rules, however, state play is to 11 points (alternating server every 2 points). In order to win, one must be ahead by two points. If the players or teams are tied at 10-10 or 20-20, for example, the normal order of service proceeds, but the serve alternates sides after every points instead of after every two points.^[7]

12. 

    8

    Play again. In sanctioned competition, matches are won by the player or team who wins three out of five games. The players switch sides after each game, and they also switch sides in the fifth game (if a fifth game is necessary) when one player or team scores five points.^[8]
    • The team or player serving first also changes each game. Generally, things stay as even as possible. No player should have an advantage over the other.

Part2

Developing the Skills

1. 

   1

   Practice consistently. You can become a pretty good ping-pong player quickly with consistent practice. The most important things to practice initially are keeping your eye on the ball, getting a feel for the correct timing, and keeping the ball low.
   • From the very first time you pick up a paddle, you should consciously make an effort to follow the ball with your eyes, from the moment it is served to when it hits your paddle, and so on.
   • Your timing will become better with practice -- you just need to get used to it -- but it helps if you listen to the ball as well as watch it closely.
   • Keeping the ball low -- without hitting it into the net -- is probably the hardest skill for beginners to master. It's also one of the most essential, because a high ball can easily be smashed down by your opponent. Try to keep your paddle as horizontal as possible and use your wrist to impart energy to the ball and to aim it. Generally, the faster the ball is moving, the easier it is to keep it low.^[9]

2. 

   2

   Develop a strong backhand and forehand. You must be able to hit the ball from either side of your body if you want to become good at table tennis, and it's generally not practical to switch hands, so get comfortable with both your forehand and backhand shots.^[10]

3. 

   3

   Learn to put spin on the ball. This is done by flicking the wrist side-to-side or up-and-down right as the ball is hit. To counter-spin, put spin of your own on the ball. If you have some downtime, practice this against a wall, experimenting with what works for you.^[11]
   • Think of chopping the ball -- undercutting the bottom side as it comes to you on its descent. This will spin the ball, slow it down, and throw it on a new trajectory. Experiment doing this with your forehand and backhand strike.

4. 

   4

   Smash balls that your opponent hits high. Smashing (also called slamming or spiking) the ball entails hitting it with force so that it goes fast enough to, hopefully, be unreturnable. A smash is a powerful weapon, but it can be difficult at first to use it accurately, and you may find that your smashes initially go into the net or well off the other side of the table. Don't be afraid to keep trying them, though. You'll eventually get it.^[12]
   • This is similar to volleyball. Once you slam, smash, or spike the ball, it's virtually impossible for your opponent to keep the ball in play. This will be one of your most used skills when you cultivate it -- and the most frustrating for your opponent.

5. 

   5

   Develop a killer serve. A fast serve or a serve with plenty of spin on it can become the key to your game as you face better players.^[13] If you give your opponent an easy serve, you'll be lucky to get a paddle on his return. An easy serve gives him time to wind up and blast you with a slam that you won't even see coming.
   • Speed is definitely important as you move up the ranks, but you have to maintain aim and precision. As you get better and better, you'll be able to predict where the ball will go and how it will behave with each strike.

6. 

   6

   Outmaneuver your opponent. As you face better competition, you can't just expect your opponent to make mistakes, even if you're hitting the ball hard. You've got to force errors by taking control of the game and making your opponent move around the table a lot. If you can hit one shot off the right side and then quickly hit another shot to the left side you might be able to prevent your opponent from getting the ball. Tricks, such as giving the appearance of a slam and then dunking the ball, or getting into a right-left pattern and then hitting two or three consecutive shots to the right, can also put your opponent off-balance and in position for a slam.

Part3

Getting Serious

1. 

   1

   Do it like the pros do. Professional players generally stand a little farther back from the table, and as you begin to get into faster rallies, you may find this is a good technique as well. The ball is coming so fast and so hard, standing farther back is the only way to continue the rally. And if your opponent favors a side, you should favor the same side as well.^[14]
   • In addition to stance, they have different equipment sometimes, too. There are a wide variety of ping-pong paddles available, and while the cheap ones at your local sporting discount store are just fine for beginners, as you get more advanced you may want to get your own custom paddle.

2. 

   2

   Pick your strategy. Once you've been playing for a bit, you'll automatically notice what your strengths and weaknesses are. Then, you'll pick a strategy that plays up your strengths and plays down your weaknesses.^[15] Here's the four common styles of players:
   • Control players. Just like their name says, they like to have control at all times and thus rarely take risks. They don't smash all too often and keep it traditional.
   • Defensive players. This type of player tries to make their opponent make mistakes as opposed to focusing on their own game. They tend to chop and push balls more rather than getting into topspin rallies.
   • Offensive players. This player is generally pretty aggressive, focusing on topspin and consistency. They can place the ball very well and clearly understand spin.
   • Power players. No fooling here, power players rely mainly on speed to trip their opponents up.

3. 

   3

   Know who you're playing. As you play your opponent, you'll be able to get a read on what kind of player they are. They'll generally prefer a certain type of stroke and always come back to a default way of play. Here are some things to look for:^[16]
   • The counter driver stroke is when solid contact is made with the ball (little to no spin) at the top of the bounce. A player who favors this is best defeated by a mid-table shot -- where they have to quick decide between their forehand and their backhand.
   • The chop stroke is when the underside of the ball is cut during its descent. The amount of spin can vary. To combat this, work the middle and above all, be patient. Alternating your shots will keep them from becoming comfortable.
   • Blockers are defensive players. They don't like attacking, so force them to. Vary between short and long shots, and switch up your style. Don't use all your power so they have to.
   • The "loop" is a shot that starts in your legs with your shoulders dropped, ending up in a strike that forces the ball slightly upward and giving it underspin. If you run into this player, be aggressive. Get them playing defense, which is generally not their forte.
   • Players who grip the paddle in the penholding position generally have very strong forehand strokes and weaker backhand strokes. However, knowing this, they usually have very good footwork. You'll have to force their backhand out quite wide and keep it varied so they don't know to stay on the edge of the table. Additionally, there are also penhold players who now utilise the RPB grip (Reverse Penhold Backhand) which eliminates the backhand weakness that the penhold grip traditionally has.

4. 

   4

   Have a few varied tactics under your belt. Regardless of who you're playing, it's a good idea to have a few ideas brewing in that cranium of yours. The element of surprise is incredibly important in this game. Latch onto it and a win will be yours.^[17]
   • Be sure to vary your spin and strokes. Good players will be able to read you like a book and know exactly what you're going to do next. They see how you like to hit the ball, where you like to hit the ball, and how you handle different set-ups. To avoid this, vary up your style. Vary your spin, the height you give the ball, and the speed you use in your strokes. Keep 'em on their toes.
   • Be able to place the ball outside of your opponent's "power zone." If you're facing an opponent with a "shakehand" grip, their power zone is within arm's reach of their forehand and near their body on their backhand. Playing in the middle and out wide (purposefully) can zero in on your opponent's weaknesses. But don't take this guide's word for it -- look for weak spots yourself!

5. 

   5

   Do some background work. Ping pong is taken very seriously in some circles. If you're looking for a bit of inspiration, look to online videos -- tutorials, tournaments, or otherwise. Maybe your next stop will be the Olympics!
   • Ping pong is a sport that requires hours of practice. Look for clubs or leagues in your area, or find a group of interested friends that are looking to get competitive. Since it requires very little initial skill, it's usually not hard to find people willing to play.
   • If you do take this seriously, you'll play your best when you're energized and alert. Because of this, always get plenty of sleep and eat well! You need all your senses to be at 100%.

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